Malocclusion explained: Types, causes, and treatment options

Maybe you have been wondering why your teeth aren't perfectly aligned when you smile. It is not only you, though! Millions have malocclusion, but here's some good news: solutions like Caspersmile clear aligners have made it easier than ever to address this concern. Let's treat your top questions about the causes, risks, and treatment because everyone deserves to smile with confidence and enjoy good health.

What is malocclusion?

Malocclusion occurs when the upper teeth and lower teeth do not fit together properly. The term comes from Latin, where "mal" means bad, and "occlusion" means bite. Such a misalignment may affect one tooth or the entire arch of teeth. While a few cases are minor, others will need professional treatment.

Types of malocclusion

Malocclusion is classified into different categories based on the alignment of teeth and jaws.

Malocclusion class 1 (Neutrocclusion)

The most common Class-1 malocclusion is one where the bite is relatively normal because the posterior teeth align properly, but the anterior teeth are misaligned. The upper teeth are projected slightly over the lower teeth; however, it could pose a problem due to crowding, spacing, or rotary teeth.

Common characteristics include

• Misaligned teeth.

• Mild protrusion or retrusion of teeth.

• Gaps between teeth.

Treatment: Usually correctable with braces or clear aligners.

Malocclusion class 2 (Retrognathism/Overbite)

This type of malocclusion is popularly called overbite, meaning a condition in which the upper teeth significantly overlap the lower teeth. In some cases, the lower jaw may appear to be pushed back, giving the chin a weak appearance.

Common characteristics include

• Upper incisors are prominent.

• Lower jaw set back farther than normal.

• Speech difficulties or stress in the jaw may be present.

Treatment: Class 2 malocclusion treatment usually involves braces, headgear, and, in severe cases, jaw surgery.

Malocclusion class 3 (Prognathism/Underbite)

An underbite is when the lower jaw is pushed forward, allowing the lower teeth to overlap the upper teeth. It gives somewhat of a "bulldog" appearance and hampers chewing.

Common characteristics include

• The lower teeth are prominent in front of the upper teeth.

• The chin appears prominent.

• Jaw joint pain may be present.

Treatment: Usually, treatment involves the early use of expanders or braces. For severe cases, surgery may be required.

Other common types of misalignment

There are other alignment issues apart from the three main classes, such as:

• Crossbite: Certain upper teeth inside the lower teeth when the mouth is closed.

• Open bite: Front teeth do not touch when the mouth is closed.

• Overcrowding: Teeth are too close together and cause twisting or overlapping.

• Spacing issues: Spaces between teeth due to missing teeth or a large jaw.

Causes of malocclusion

Genetic conditions, childhood habits, or trauma can lead to certain malocclusions. Some of the most prevalent are as follows:

Genetic factors

Genetics is the primary factor in jaw and tooth development. This means that if a parent has a malocclusion, the child is more likely to inherit it.

Childhood habits

Thumb sucking, prolonged pacifier use, or tongue thrusting will push teeth out of alignment over time.

Premature tooth loss

Loss of baby teeth too early can cause the permanent teeth to drift into an aberrant position, resulting in crowding or spacing.

Jaw injuries or tumors

An accident or growth in the jaw could jeopardize the normal positioning of teeth, resulting in malocclusion.

Poor dental care

Untreated tooth decay, gum disease, or poorly fitted dental devices can also contribute to malocclusion.

Symptoms of malocclusion

Some of the symptoms include:

• Difficulty while biting or chewing.

• Speech problems such as lisping.

• Breathing only through the mouth.

• Frequent biting of the inner cheeks or tongue.

• Pain in the jaw or headaches.

• Uneven tooth wear.

Diagnosis of malocclusion

A dentist or orthodontist can diagnose malocclusion by:

• Visual inspection: Examining the alignment of teeth and the bite.

• Dental X-rays: They expose the anatomy of tooth roots and the jawbone.

• Impressions: Creating 3D molds of teeth to examine for misalignment.

• Photographs: To view the changes in tooth positions over time.

Treatment options for malocclusion

The following are the orthodontic treatments available in the UK:

Clear aligners

Caspersmile Clear Aligners provide an almost invisible way to correct minor and moderate malocclusion. These custom-fit aligners are designed as removable trays that fit over the teeth and apply continuous gentle pressure on the teeth, shifting them gradually. Patients must wear them for 20-22 hours a day for optimal results. This is a well-known treatment for adults and teenagers as they are clear and comfortable.

Conventional braces

Traditional braces remain the most effective treatment for severe cases of malocclusion. In this case, teeth are bonded with metal or ceramic brackets aligned by archwires that bring teeth into position. This requires regular fine-tuning from an orthodontist to enable the teeth to progress accordingly. They may be noticeable and can cause discomfort to the gums and cheeks.

Palatal expanders

This is an effective solution for children who require the expansion of narrow upper jaws. This fixed appliance gradually widens the palate to correct crossbites or to create space for erupting teeth. The best time for this treatment is before adolescence since the jaw bones are still growing.

Tooth extraction

In extreme cases of overcrowding, teeth will have to be removed. Tooth extractions will create the necessary space to help in proper alignment during orthodontic treatment. This treatment involves braces or aligners to maximize the chance of success.

Retainers

After active treatment, retainers maintain the new tooth positions. These can be removable or fixed behind the teeth to help prevent relapse. Long-term retainer use is essential to preserve a corrected bite.

Orthognathic (Jaw) Surgery

For adults with severe skeletal malocclusions, jaw surgery may be required. An oral surgeon positions the jawbones to help with function and facial balance. This procedure combines orthodontic treatment like braces for a complete correction.

Choosing the right treatment

The selection of proper treatment depends on the type and severity of the malocclusion and the patient's age. An orthodontic practitioner observes every case to establish an individualized program. Early intervention often simplifies correction and reduces the risk of future problems. However, modern treatments are effective for all age groups.

Preventing malocclusion

While genetics play a significant role, you can take preventive measures such as:

• Discouraging thumb-sucking in young children.

• Encouraging nasal breathing over mouth breathing.

• Regular dental check-ups for the early signs of trouble.

Caspersmile clear aligners for malocclusion correction

Caspersmile clear aligners are the solution for individuals with common teeth alignment problems. Custom-made, clear trays provide an almost invisible method of correcting mild to moderate malocclusion without metal brackets or wires.

Achieve the bite you deserve

Correct your malocclusion effectively with Caspersmile's best-in-class clear aligners that ensure a perfect bite.

Start treatment today!

How do they work?

Treatment consists of a series of aligners that are engineered to manipulate your teeth into the proper position. Each aligner places gentle force on specific teeth that gradually straightens them. You change to a new set of aligners every 10 days, ensuring steady progress as your teeth shift into their ideal position.

Treatment benefits

• Almost invisible teeth straightening

• Removable for eating and oral hygiene

• More comfortable than traditional braces

• No food restrictions

• Digital treatment planning for predictable results

• Usually faster treatment than braces for qualifying cases

What to expect

• Free assessment to check for eligibility

• Custom treatment plan with digital preview

• Delivery of aligners with instructions

• Progress tracking through the tracker app

• Retainer phase to lock in results.

Recap

Caspersmile clear aligners are a perfect alternative for addressing minor malocclusion safely, discreetly, and conveniently. The aligners can be removed, and the teeth can be gradually straightened without metal brackets. Caspersmile makes orthodontic treatment in the UK affordable, hassle-free, and comfy - ideal for busy adults. Check with your dentist to see which dental alignment solutions suit your smile goals.

FAQs

What is the main cause of malocclusion? +

Genetics play a key role in determining jaw size and tooth alignment.

What habits cause malocclusion? +

Thumb-sucking, extended usage of pacifiers, and tongue-thrusting cause misalignment of teeth.

What is the risk of malocclusion? +

Untreated malocclusion may lead to tooth decay, jaw aches, and trouble in speech.

Do Caspersmile aligners treat malocclusion? +

Yes, Caspersmile aligners are designed to treat various types of malocclusion, helping align your teeth for a better bite.

How long does treatment with aligners take? +

Most cases achieve excellent results within 6-18 months, with consistency being the key to success.

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